"bogh" yIlegh je

HIDjolev 1 tlhIngan Hol 1.1 wot mojaq Hut 1.1.1 rar mu'meyvam 1.1.2 Usage 1.1.3 yImugh

tlhIngan Hol

IPA	pIqaD
/-boɣ/	

wot mojaq Hut

Segh:wot mojaq Hut

-bogh

1. (TKD 44,63,64)
   • mu'tlheghmey

rar mu'meyvam

• Soj vutlu'pu'bogh

Usage

This suffix creates a relative clause. In English, a relative clause usually has a relative pronoun (see the list in the translation section below). The relative clause modifies a noun.

Consider the sentence:

• qet loD - A man runs.

The relative clause is based on this sentence. The phrase "the man who is running" is comprised of a relative clause and a head noun. The relative clause is "who is running" and the head noun is "a man".

In Klingon, the relative clause is formed by adding "-bogh" to the verb to give "qetbogh".

So we have:

• qetbogh loD - a man who is running

This phrase, relative clause and head noun, together function in a sentence as a noun. This noun can occur as either subject or object.

So, as subject:

• HoH qetbogh loD - A man who is running kills.

Or as object:

• qetbogh loD HoH - He/she kills a man who is running.

In English, we can also phrase this sentence using a present participle. The present participle functions as an adjective, and there is no relative clause or relative pronoun.

In this example the participle would be "running":

• qetbogh loD HoH - He/she kills a running man.

If the relative clause itself contains a noun, then the head noun is indicated by -'e':

• loD HIvbogh be''e' - the woman who attacks the man
• loD'e' HIvbogh be' - the man who is attacked by the woman

A relative clause can also be used to translate constructions such as "a man in a coat". This can be rendered:

• wep tuQbogh loD'e' - a man who is wearing a coat

yImugh

DIvI': that (en), what (en), where (en), which (en), who (en), whom (en)